A 4,500 year old granite drill core discovered near Giza pyramid

This strange 4,500-year-old piece of rock, known as Core 7, was discovered near the Great Pyramids at the end of the 19th century by British archaeologist Flinders Petrie. Today, it is preserved in the Petrie Museum of London.

Ancient Egypt drilling technology

Core 7 is an exact cylinder with strange, perfectly spaced grooves running along its surface. In fact, it has one continuous spiral groove, much like the tracks of a vinyl record. But what is it?

It is the discarded core left behind after drilling a hole—likely for a door pivot. However, the real mystery lies in the fact that this rock is granite. How did the ancient Egyptians manage to drill into solid granite?

An Impossible Feat?

The strongest metal tools available to the ancient Egyptians were made of copper, which is relatively soft. Yet, somehow, they penetrated granite, a rock that requires extreme force to cut through.

The only material strong enough to efficiently drill through granite is diamond. If the ancient Egyptians possessed diamond-cutting technology, it would challenge everything we know about their civilization and force us to rewrite history.


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The Grooves: Evidence of Advanced Machinery?

The shape of the grooves in Core 7 raises further questions. As far as we know, the ancient Egyptians used bow drills, which moved back and forth in a reciprocating motion.


Ancient drilling machine
Image Credit: Wikimedia

A bow drill leaves distinctive linear marks, but Core 7 displays a continuous spiral groove—a mark typically left by a modern power drill. This suggests that the core was extracted from solid granite using a rapidly rotating drill.

A Mystery Beyond Modern Engineering?

Modern drilling machines, powered by electricity, create cores that closely resemble Core 7. For example, a standard industrial drill rotates at 1,600 RPM (revolutions per minute). But how could the ancient Egyptians achieve a similar or even greater level of precision?


Modern drilling machines
Image Credit: Wikimedia

Even more astonishingly, by analyzing the spacing between each groove, researchers have estimated the force applied during the drilling process. The wider the space between grooves, the greater the force.

Shockingly, studies indicate that Core 7 was drilled with greater strength than a modern power drill. This raises the biggest question of all:


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Did an Even More Advanced Civilization Exist?

If no known Egyptian tools match the power required to create Core 7, could this be evidence of a lost civilization with superior technology?

The mystery remains unsolved. And until we uncover concrete evidence, Core 7 will continue to challenge everything we thought we knew about ancient history.

SOURCESPenn Museum / Ancient Origins / HISTORYUCL

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